Ground Instructor is a certificate issued in the United States by the Federal Aviation Administration; the rules for certification, and for certificate-holders, are detailed in Subpart I of Part 61 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, which are part of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.[1] The Ground Instructor certificate allows the holder to offer various kinds of ground instruction required of those seeking pilot certificates and ratings. Ground Instructor certificates are issued with ratings, and these determine the exact areas in which the holder may give instruction.
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An applicant for a Ground Instructor certificate is not required to be a pilot, but must meet certain requirements, including being at least 18 years of age and being able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language.[2] In addition, the applicant must pass a written knowledge test on the fundamentals of instructing. Exceptions to this requirement are made for persons who hold flight instructor certificates (and so have already taken this test), for persons who hold a teacher's certificate authorizing instruction at the seventh-grade or above, and for persons who teach at accredited colleges or universities.[3]
The applicant must also pass a test appropriate to the rating desired.[4] This is a written exam similar to, but showing a higher knowledge, of aviation than those required for a private or commercial airplane license, or an instrument rating. (For example, the advanced test could be the written equivalent of conducting a cross-country flight in a multi-engine aircraft.)
A modern Ground Instructor certificate is issued with at least one of three ratings: Basic, Advanced, and Instrument.[4]
The Basic Ground Instructor (BGI) rating allows the holder to give the ground instruction required for a sport pilot, recreational pilot, or private pilot certificate, and associated ratings; the holder may also approve (by endorsement or "sign off") a student to take the written knowledge test for these certificates. The holder of a Basic Ground Instructor rating is additionally allowed to give the ground instruction required for a sport pilot, recreational pilot, or private pilot flight review.[4]
The Advanced Ground Instructor (AGI) rating allows the holder to give the ground instruction required for any certificate or rating issued under Part 61, to give the ground training for any flight review, and to approve a student to take the written knowledge test for any certificate or rating issued under Part 61.[4]
The Instrument Ground Instructor (IGI) rating allows the holder to give the ground instruction required for the addition of an instrument rating to a pilot certificate; the holder may also approve a student's taking of the written knowledge test for the instrument rating, and can give the ground training required for an instrument proficiency check.[4],
A certificate holder may have any of these ratings, or either a basic and instrument, or an advanced and instrument pair.
Ground Instructor certificates do not expire. To be eligible to give instruction, though, the holder must have either served as an instructor for at least three out of the preceding twelve months or have received from a ground or flight instructor an endorsement certifying the holder's proficiency in the subject matter which the certificate authorizes teaching. A yearly Flight Instructor Recertification Course (FIRC) will also suffice.[5]